Heterogeneity of treatment effects: from “How to treat” to “Whom to treat”
نویسندگان
چکیده
The classic approach in clinical medicine and medical research has been to evaluate how to treat a specifi c illness or disease using various study designs to compare treatments and possibly sophisticated statistical analyses to explain effects that take into account confounding factors. Examples from infectious disease and trauma research provide excellent examples of how this approach has been successful in delineating the best options for clinical decision making and treatment.
منابع مشابه
Pattern of Adverse Effects of Drugs Used to Treat Multi Drug Resistant Tuberculosis
During treatment of multi drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), patients suffer from many adverse effects. Severe adverse effects may lead to refusal and discontinuation of treatment. Though national tuberculosis control programs are generally well structured, they do not collect information on adverse effects of drug directly. This study had been designed to observe the pattern of adverse effe...
متن کاملHow to Treat the Complex Unstable Intertrochanteric Fractures in Elderly Patients? DHS or Arthroplasty
Background: Due to difficulty in obtaining anatomical reduction, management of the unstable intertrochanteric fractures in elderly osteoporotic patients is challenging. The purpose of this study is to compare the results of hip arthroplasty (total, hemi, or bipolar) with DHS in the elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures. Methods: We prospectively studied and followed-up ...
متن کاملOptimized design and implementation of electrical stimuli to reduce muscle pain and treat osteoarthritis
Today, electrical stimulation as a treatment method by creating muscle contraction by creating internal electrical stimulation is a method to reduce muscle pain. In addition, it is used to treat osteoarthritis. The aim of this study was to study, design and implement optimized hardware for electrical muscle stimulators to reduce pain and treat osteoarthritis. Here, the design of the optimal sys...
متن کامل“How should we treat older patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer, A Review”
Nearly 50 % of newly diagnosed colorectal cancer, affect people over 70 years of age. Inclusion of older patients in clinical trials has been extremely rare. As a result, there is debate on how to manage these patients because it is still unclear how to balance the therapeutic advantages and toxicities. For patients who do not have comorbid conditions, with performance status (P.S.) 0–1, treatm...
متن کاملP-46: The Effect of Oral Antioxidants on Male Infertility
Background: The use of antioxidants in treatment of infertile men has been suggested, although the evidence base for this practice is unclear. A systematic review of randomized studies was conducted to evaluate the effects of oral antioxidants (vitamins C and E, zinc, selenium, folate, carnitine and carotenoids) on sperm quality and pregnancy rate in infertile men. Materials and Methods: MEDLIN...
متن کامل